A gang rape allegation at Cornell University has brought fresh scrutiny of fraternities at the Ivy League school, which has a history of misconduct cases followed by efforts to reform the Greek system.
Authorities reopened an investigation Monday as outrage built over a woman's lawsuit filed Sept. 16 against the Chi Phi fraternity, the university and the seven students she says assaulted her. She told police in November 2024 that she was assaulted at the fraternity house the month before, and prosecutors decided at the time not to prosecute anyone.
The Associated Press generally does not name people who say they have been sexually assaulted. The woman's lawsuit uses a pseudonym for her.
The Chi Phi chapter has been barred from campus, and its national organization said Wednesday that the Cornell chapter unanimously voted to remove the accused members from its rolls within days of the woman filing a police report. Cornell has said its investigation had led to some students being disciplined or expelled.
It's a horrifying but familiar story on many campuses, said Elizabeth Allan, a professor of higher education at the University of Maine and director of the school's Hazing Prevention Research Lab. She said failed reforms show "how entrenched some of the behaviors are and that we need to take an approach that's transformative."
The university in Ithaca, New York, has rolled out reforms in response to hazing deaths, lawsuits and arrests in its Greek system.
In 2019, Cornell required Greek life chapters to hire independent event monitors and submit to random security spot checks, among other changes, after freshman Antonio Tsialas was found dead at the bottom of a gorge. His parents' lawsuit said he and other fraternity pledges were hazed by being forced to drink dangerous amounts of alcohol.
Cornell has had fraternities — and problems — since its founding in 1865, said Adam McCready, a University of Connecticut associate professor who studies fraternities and sororities. One of the first confirmed hazing deaths happened at Cornell in the 1870s, he said.
Over time, the fraternities built what he described as "palatial mansions that dictate the social environment on campus."
Fraternities have a long record of hazing and abuse cases
In 1997, a Cornell student alleged in a lawsuit that he suffered weeks of paddling and beatings. The following year, a half dozen Cornell students were arrested over allegations that a fraternity pledge was taken from his dorm room, blindfolded and bound with rope and duct tape.
In 2012, a fraternity was found guilty of hazing in the alcohol poisoning death of a Cornell student. After the death, Cornell University moved to eradicate risky pledging practices.
At the time, more than one quarter of Cornell students were members of fraternities and sororities. These students graduate and turn into donors, McCready said. "It can be a challenge to making change if there's pressure not to do so," McCready said.
In 2018, a fraternity chapter was placed on probation over a contest that members dubbed the Pig Roast in reference to the weight of the women they slept with.
Cornell again took steps to reign in fraternities, moving to ban hard liquor from chapter houses and require live-in advisers.
But in 2022, allegations of a sexual assault and students being drugged at off-campus housing affiliated with fraternities led Cornell to temporarily suspend fraternity parties. Fraternity leaders were supposed to use the time to "implement stronger health and safety plans," the university had said.
The gang rape allegation followed two years later.
Advocates call for a stronger response
Cornell has said it is committed to implementing recommendations from a task force that launched last year on campus sexual assault. The university has also pointed to the expulsions and suspensions it implemented in the case.
But that is too little for advocates of sex crime victims.
The people the woman says gang raped her were allowed to write essays to Cornell "to mitigate their conduct," the woman's lawsuit said. That's unacceptable, said Maha Ibrahim, a director at Equal Rights Advocates, a nonprofit that represents survivors.
"There's no schema where that's an appropriate response to a gang rape," Ibrahim said.
Allan said the case highlights a need to better understand what contributes to this kind of violence and misconduct, not just in groups, but communities, institutions and society.
"The lack of understanding around consent issues are broad-reaching and we have to be taking a public health approach to change behavior, change attitudes" in more sustainable ways, Allan said.
